Normally recruits are base units: Tribesmen or Recruits. at 10 you can get 0-11 at 20 you can get 0-16). If it is 4 or higher, your relation will be divided by 2, then added to 6 to determine your maximum (e.g. If your relation is between 0-3, you can get 0-8 recruits.
The number of recruits you get depends on your reputation with that particular village. You can recruit from any village whose faction you are not at war with and the village is at least indifferent toward you, although if a village has sufficiently high relation with you, you can still recruit from them even if you are at war with that village's faction. Recruiting cultural recruits can be achieved by visiting a village and selecting 'Recruit volunteers', which come at ten Denars each. The culture of the recruit is determined by which faction or nation held the village in the initial stage of the game. The cheapest, most consistent, and easiest method is to recruit cultural recruits from villages.